Pakistan, officially known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, operates under a federal parliamentary republic system. Since gaining independence in 1947, the country has experienced a complex political journey marked by periods of democratic governance, military rule, and constitutional reforms. Understanding how the government of Pakistan functions is essential to grasp the political and administrative landscape of the nation.
Structure of the Government
The government of Pakistan is divided into three main branches: the Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary.
1. Executive Branch
The Executive is headed by the President (ceremonial head of state) and the Prime Minister (chief executive). The Prime Minister holds most of the executive powers and is responsible for running the government, forming policies, and overseeing ministries. The President is elected by the Parliament and provincial assemblies for a five-year term.
2. Legislative Branch
Pakistan’s Parliament is bicameral, consisting of:
- The National Assembly (Lower House)
- The Senate (Upper House)
Members of the National Assembly are elected directly by the people through general elections. The Senate represents the provinces and ensures equal representation of all federating units. Together, they pass laws, approve the budget, and hold the executive accountable.
3. Judiciary
The Judiciary in Pakistan is independent and includes:
- The Supreme Court (highest court)
- High Courts (one for each province)
- Lower courts (civil, criminal, and family courts)
The judiciary interprets the law, ensures justice, and has the power to review the constitutionality of laws and executive actions.